The Quantum Synthesis - An Introduction

In 2007, I gave a lecture on evidence in the cosmos for the God of Christians. It was precisely based on quantum physics. Nothing has changed since then other than the fact that we are now aware of many more facts in human behavior, the accelerating rate of the development and deployment of information technology, the development of life on earth for billions of years with its challenges, and more knowledge on the intricate nature of the expanding cosmos. Those who wish to remain in their simple faith and ignore scientific advances may well find themselves surrounded by questions from their friends, children or grandchildren: Why do you still believe?

In this post, I survey a number of human disciplines to show that the probabilities of quantum physics are at the core of every action in the cosmos. Cases in each discipline will be examined but due to space limitation only one publication will be referenced.

- Particle physics:
It has been proven that any two particles that were once together (say in an electron) and have been separated, will continue to instantly communicate information even when they are millions of miles away from each other. Amazingly they do that at a speed that exceeds the speed of light.
There is fundamentally an enduring relationship between particles that do not think like us. This is still a mystery for scientists.
They also exhibit a probabilistic nature due to the fact that a particle has a dual wave/matter character. This was found since the early 20th century. Much has been written on this by scientists but for space I will cite here one recent book: (Cf. Manfred Eigen, 2013, From Strange Simplicity to Complex Familiarity, Published by Oxford University Press.)

- Chaotic systems:
Chaos Theory is a field of study of dynamic systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. It has applications in meteorology, physics, engineering, and economics. The so-called butterfly effect shows how a butterfly flapping its wings in China can cause a storm in America. Although these systems are called deterministic, they nevertheless exhibit unpredictability akin to the probabilistic nature in quantum physics.

- Evolution of biological organisms:
When the Atheist biologist Richard Dawkins published his book "The Selfish Gene" in 1976, evolutionary biology had not advanced to another understanding of evolution in which genes mutate to develop more adaptive organisms to the environment and organisms collaborate in order to spread their population. Still selfishly they want to propagate their genes, they nevertheless collaborate in order to survive together an adverse condition. Many examples have been cited. Here is one: Some birds that fly in groups may be faced with a predator. Since they know of the danger, they send one of them ahead to clear their way or inform them of the predator such as an eagle. If a predator eagle is approaching, the single bird will cry at a tune that  only the others in the group will recognize as a warning even if he becomes a victim of the eagle. Attempts to discredit this phenomenon have failed. But the whole picture introduces the concept of collaboration in other living species at the cost of losing life. (Cf. Russel Stannard, 2000, "The God Experiment. Can Science Prove the Existence of God?", Published by Hidden Spring).

- Recent findings in the use of collaborative information systems:
Collaboration is now globally recognized as the optimum way for streamlining processes and the efficient delivery and deployment of solutions in businesses. I developed and implemented applications in collaborative information systems such as IBM Lotus Notes and Microsoft Dynamics for nearly two decades. The Internet has facilitated the emergence of a global village and the transmission of information between centers of learning, academia, businesses, and networks of ordinary persons. Quantum computers are also based on the theory of probability but processes are executed at a very high speed. Nothing is certain. Trial and error in the development of systems is a process of probability.
(For MS Dynamics see: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/crm.aspx; For IBM Lotus see:
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/lotus/; For Quantum Computing see: http://oxfordquantum.org/)

- Recent findings in sociology:
Brené Brown, Professor of sociology at the University of Texas has shown and written on vulnerability which opens the individual to love and to achieve confidence that he is loved in society. (Cf. Brené Brown, 2012, "Daring Greatly: How the Courage to be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love and Lead", Published by Gotham). See also how Brené Brown was transformed into the loving parent through her research: http://blog.ted.com/2012/03/16/being-vulnerable-about-vulnerability-qa-with-brene-brown/

- Recent findings in neuroscience:
Dr. Andrew Newberg, neuroscientist at the University of Pennsylvania, co-authored the popular book "Why God Won't Go Away: Brain Science and the Biology of Belief" based on his research in which using brain imaging techniques and devices he observed Christian nuns in deep prayer and Buddhist monks in deep meditation.  His conclusions affirm the positive effect of meditation and prayer, but more to the point how these individuals achieve a sense of union with God (Cf. An interview by Robert Wright with Dr. Andrew Newberg can be seen here:
http://www.meaningoflife.tv/video.php?speaker=newberg&topic=complete or simply read the transcript at 
http://www.meaningoflife.tv/transcript.php?speaker=newberg )

Dr. Antonio Damasio, professor of neuroscience at the University of Southern California wrote extensively about the role of emotions in arriving at decision making. He is well known for his somatic marker hypothesis which provides a contemporary scientific validation of the linkage between feelings and the body. Although he stops at the level of consciousness from a materialist view, his 21st century research into the effect of emotions on the body and the brain is a recognition shared by other professors such as Dr. Brian Baker at the University of Toronto who see communication, stability, anger management and love as important attributes for life (Cf. Antonio Damasio, 2005, "Decartes' Error, Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain", Penguin Books)

- Game Theory:
Game theory is used by economists to attempt to predict/guess the most likely outcome of an economic activity. Military strategists use it to increase security in the likelihood of an attack by the opponent force. But it can be applied to everyone with a mind. Consider a man and a woman who are starting to date each other. Both go through the probabilistic nature of the question: Is he fit for me? Is she fit for me? It is gambling for a good future in marriage.

In the end, out of the above observations, I offer a little attempt at an introduction of an interdisciplinary theory that would probably contribute to the human hope for eternal life with theological and spiritual insights.

Details of the Quantum Mystery in Particle Physics:

For many years, I have studied quantum physics starting with a formal course in university before graduation in electronic engineering in 1976. Although quantum physics has been used in numerous inventions since its discovery (such as transistors in electronic devices, lasers used in CDs, quantum cryptography, quantum computers and more), no scientist claims to fully understand it nearly 90 years after the formulation of Quantum Theory. Finding the Higgs boson in the past year at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, for which Peter Higgs and Francois Englert have been awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in physics, has opened more questions than answers for scientists to explore. The elusive Higgs boson, dubbed the "God Particle" by Leon Lederman, reveals the quantum nature of everything from matter to antimatter and energy, calculated at almost the beginning of the Big Bang. In his 1993 book "The God Particle," Leon Lederman, who is also a Nobel Laureate, asks "If the Universe is the Answer, What is the Question?" Decades earlier, two brilliant minds, Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr, debated the nature of matter only to disagree.

Quantum theory is a theory for subatomic particles that impact the universe since the Big Bang. An electron that is fired through an electronic gun has a dual character. It is both a particle and a wave. In his encyclopedic book titled "From Strange Simplicity to Complex Familiarity" and published in 2013 Professor Manfred Eigen, also a Nobel Laureate in chemistry, asks "How can something be spatially confined, like a particle, and at the same time non-confined like a wave? How can one explain the intrinsically probabilistic nature of all quantum processes which as such are deterministic?"  Eigen thinks "Explanation is based on experience; therefore explaining something is to a large extent a matter of getting used to it." (P. 43). According to Bohr (and his many disciples including Paul Dirac and Wolfgang Pauli and many other 20th century scientists following the Copenhagen school), only an observer mind can measure its coordinates including location, momentum and time. Since the electron can take multiple paths at the same time, it is not in one space and its path cannot be controlled, thus uncertainty arises. This uncertainly is governed by Heisenberg's Principle of Uncertainty. In other words, nothing exists until the observing mind determines it. The deterministic universe of Isaac Newton has lost its credibility to the open probabilistic indeterminate universe of quantum physics. Manfred Eigen brings to the reader's attention Schrodinger's Equation published in 1926 that describes in mathematical elegant form the relationship between matter and wave. But more surprises were to come. In his 1935 EPR thought experiment named after him and his colleagues Podolsky, and Rosen, Einstein wanted to challenge Bohr but found that communication between particles that were once part of a photon is instant even though they are hundreds of thousands of miles away from each other. In quantum physics, if one of the particles changes its spin, the other changes its spin immediately. Einstein remained convinced till the end of his life that there must be hidden variables that contribute to this strange phenomenon. Schrodinger wrote a letter to Einstein in which he referred to the phenomenon as quantum entanglement. He was, like Einstein, puzzled that communication of information between particles at distance seemed to exceed the speed of light because it violated the upper limit of speed of any body set by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. Yet quantum entanglement was experimentally proved by Alain Aspect and his collaborators in 1982. Subsequent  experiments confirmed the validity of quantum entanglement. It is on this particular point that scientists seem to be puzzled.

Quantum Physics and Theology:
 John Polkinghorne, retired professor of mathematical physics at Cambridge University, wrote, in one of his latest books: Quantum Physics and Theology in 2008, about relationship as science is attempting to discover it at the subnuclear level: “Quantum theory brought to light a remarkable form of entanglement between subatomic particles that have once interacted with each other (the so-called EPR effect), which implies that they remain effectively a single system however far they may subsequently separate spatially- a counterintuitive togetherness-in-separation that has been abundantly confirmed experimentally as a property of nature. The physical world looks more and more like a universe that would be the fitting creation of the trinitarian God, the One whose deepest reality is relational.” (Cf. John Polkinghorne, 2008, "Quantum Physics and Theology: An Unexpected Kinship" Published by Yale University Press). Dr. Stephen Barr has written extensively on the relationship of quantum physics and theology (See, for example, his article in First Things here).

The above findings support the 2 most important observations in quantum physics:
1. The probabilistic nature of particles which yields the Uncertainty Principle
2. The communication between particles at long distances (quantum entanglement)

From 2 above, everything must be in a relationship to live. In Christianity God is a relatedness or a relationship of selfless love. It is our belief that God the Father being Love (1 John 4: 8) abandons the fullness of divinity and gives all he has to his image the Son (John 10:30; Col 1: 15-19; Phil 2: 6-11 ) who in turn returns this  love in the Holy Spirit who is the binding love of Father and Son (John 15). The concept that God is relatedness or relational is found not only in Holy Scriptures but also in doctors of the Church including St. Thomas Aquinas and, in our days,  Joseph Ratzinger (Bishop of Rome Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI). 

If this is true, then we can say that the cosmos is signed by the stamp of the Triune God of Christians. 

From 1, we all live in a cosmos still  in development. Certainty is achieved beyond this life when we are in the togetherness of the family of the kingdom of God. Hell is reserved to those who never loved nor dared to explore the probability of opening themselves or being vulnerable to others or accepting the vulnerability of the other that in him God lives. According to St. Paul "For now we see in a mirror dimly but then face to face" (1 Cor. 13: 12).   

Christ is made the sure foundation,

Christ the head and cornerstone,
chosen of the Lord, and precious,
binding all the Church in one;
holy Zion's help for ever,
and her confidence alone.

All that dedicated city,
dearly loved of God on high,
in exultant jubilation
pours perpetual melody;
God the One in Three adoring
in glad hymns eternally.

To this temple, where we call thee,
come, O Lord of Hosts, today;
with thy wonted loving-kindness
hear thy servants as they pray,
and thy fullest benediction
shed within its walls alway.

Here vouchsafe to all thy servants
what they ask of thee of gain;
what they gain from thee, for ever
with the blessèd to retain,
and hereafter in thy glory
evermore with thee to reign.

Laud and honor to the Father,
laud and honor to the Son,
laud and honor to the Spirit,
ever Three, and ever One,
consubstantial, co-eternal,
while unending ages run.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cR9NHXnbxlU

Guide me O thou great redeemer:

Guide me, O thou great redeemer,
Pilgrim through this barren land;
I am weak, but thou art mighty,
Hold me with thy powerful hand;
Bread of heaven, bread of heaven
Feed me till I want no more;
Feed me till I want no more.

Open now the crystal fountain
Whence the healing stream doth flow;
Let the fire and cloudy pillar
Lead me all my journey through:
Strong deliverer, strong deliverer;
Be thou still my strength and shield;
Be thou still my strength and shield.

When I tread the verge of Jordan,
Bid my anxious fears subside;
Death of death, and hell's destruction
Land me safe on Canaan's side:
Songs of praises, songs of praises,
I will ever give to thee;
I will ever give to thee.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFckP0F93JM&list=RDSwvpTl88jwI

Competition and Rivalry

What is competition? What is rivalry? What is the difference between competition and rivalry? In my thought, rivalry is competition gone out of control that the person exercising rivalry has hatred or envy in his heart towards the person with whom he deals. This can lead to violence which is mortal. Let's look at a few stories from the Bible. Was Cain competing with his brother Abel? Or did he kill him because he was envious that God accepted Abel's offering but not his? (Genesis 4). Was Jacob so envious of Essau that he stole Essau's birthright? (Genesis 25). Of course he knew that with the birthright of the elder comes the blessing of their father. Siblings rivalry of twins is well known in psychology. But how far can rivalry go?

A view from anthropology:
The primitive man did not have to think of anything other than his own survival. He was naturally endowed with the mechanisms that would help him reproduce through mating but he also had to fetch food to eat and to feed the little family that relied on him. That was fine until he found other men competing with him for the same prey. Competition was born out of need for survival. With the growth of agriculture, tribes settled in fertile lands.  When the resources are not sufficient for all, competition rises. Over millennia, transition took place from the Stone Age, farming and the Agriculture Revolution to the Industrial Age which forced many people to adapt in order to survive. The Information Age today is the most demanding of the human mind as manual work is becoming less required and thinking in abstracts is becoming more demanded. The arrival of robotics and artificial intelligence technology has ushered a new age. Historically too, universities competed to retain the best minds for research. Competition that results in some kind of reward is an incentive of advancing and earning better marks in school, and in jobs, but when competition becomes my preoccupation, I lose my inner peace.

When my tribe or nation conspires with other nations to conquer the land or properties of others, competition becomes rivalry and rivalry leads to greed and, in the end, to destruction. The desire to possess what is not mine at the personal level (even if I do not need it and especially when someone else desires it) has been identified in the "Mimetic Rivalry" Theory discovered by R. Girard. For more information see my lecture about his research here and the Girardian Imitatio. More to the point is the relationship between husband and wife. Who, after marriage, desired at one time another person to be his/her mate? Who of the men actually has approached another woman even if she was already married? Who found out that another rival was having an affair with his wife or her husband but was able to forgive both. Siblings usually desire each other's things. Is this innocent or does it mean that each of them wants to possess the other?

In modern society many factors contributed to its own weakness and eventual dissolution. The rise of radical feminism together with world wars (in which nations lost many men) contributed to the demands that women work in factories and offices. The social scandals of prostitution are common in many cases of violent treatment of women by their men. As a result women demanded independence from men's authority at home with support of the government. The independence of women meant the end of the traditional family.  This is only one of many forms that led to rivalry, greed, individualism, and more selfishness.

In business, excessive competition leads to rivalry at a greater scale when smaller firms are swallowed by larger firms or when government imposes its own political agenda on all citizens. The U.S. Liberal Government has imposed legal regulations that facilitate abortion and artificial contraceptives on Catholic hospitals in the U.S. although these regulations are opposed to the Catholic moral conscience.

The globalization of business has created job opportunities for some but also caused job losses to others. Is this the result of technology? Is this the result of rivalry and greed when big firms outsource offshore services in India and China so that they can reduce expenses at home?

Islam and Christianity are particularly rivals in trying to bring more people to their own. In the last few years we have witnessed the spread of violence in almost all countries where Muslims are a majority. The raging war in Syria is a real catastrophe that erupted because of rivalry between two branches of Islam Shiite and Sunni. Of course both America and its rival Russia rushed to increase their influence and opposing interests at the expense of millions of displaced refugees and thousands of dead victims. In his Clash of Civilizations Samuel Huntington warned that Islam remains the greatest threat to the civilized West. But which moral compass does the West have?

Within Christianity, rivalry coupled with jealousy existed since the beginning. The first four Ecumenical Councils testify to rivalry between the Sees of Alexandria, Constantinople, Antioch and probably Rome too. But even within the Catholic Church, rivalries exist. In the aftermath of Vatican II, the French Archbishop Marcel Lefbvre  defied the Council's decisions and created a rival Society of St. Pius X  He was excommunicated by Pope John Paul II when he ordained bishops in defiance of Canon Law.  Pope Benedict XVI attempted to reconcile his followers but they remained in schism.

And I look at my role at the Knights of Columbus. I see myself rival to others who wish to serve the way they perceive service should be delivered. In spite of collaboration, we remain prisoners of ourselves. In the same lecture in which I presented the above ideas, we showed a video of the entrance in the first Mass celebrated by prelates at Supreme Convention of the Knights of Columbus in San Antonio. Here it is:
 http://www.kofc.org/un/en/conv/2013/video/archive.html But why did we show it? We thought this is an example of serving the other that should distract us from rivalry. However, I believe that deep inside we wanted to show off that Jesus the King Council won the international award for youth service of the Knights of Columbus. What a clap we wanted and really got...Deeper still the entire video is probably a show off by the Knights of Columbus of how great they are in serving the Catholic Church and the community. The fact that Cardinals and Bishops were invited to be in one place and concelebrate Mass then eat dinner together tells me of the wild spending in America on such celebrations that are already forgotten in heads of attendees except in the heads of the Supreme Knight and his assistants. Competition is an essential element for rewarding people but when it goes overboard, it  breeds rivalry and selfishness in the same people who are supposed to serve. How about those poor who are unable to celebrate as they still continue to be threatened by war in Syria and other countries in Africa? Does the Catholic Church need to show off that she serves others? Does her grandieuse overshadows the teachings of her Lord? Do the Pope and Cardinals need to wear red shoes and shiny red robes? Thank God we have in Francis a Pope that is closer to the concerns of ordinary people.

When asked what things we can do to help alleviate rivalry, one guy said spiritual exercises and another said prayers. Probably we need these and above all to go back to fasting so that we can taste the emptiness and limits of man. We cannot deny the good in serving the others nor the good in moderate competition as long as they remain within the spiritual thirst for God and helping humanity.

May God protect man from himself. Moral values mean taking care of the other even if I am hurt.

Go to Moscow then to Damascus!

Tonight Catholic Churches around the world participated with the Holy Father in St. Peter's Square as he presided over a special Mass and prayer for peace in the world and most particularly in Syria and the rest of the Middle East. In Toronto, I participated with thousands in the Mass, Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and recitation of the holy Rosary presided over by the Cardinal Archbishop of Toronto. It was a moment into eternity when Thomas Cardinal Collins uttered the words "O My Jesus, forgive us our sins, take all souls to heaven especially those most in need of your mercy." There I saw, in my mind, the Queen of Peace Mary immaculate coming in the glory of her Son and God! As she delivered her Son in the flesh two thousand years ago, she delivered him today in the hearts of the many who prayed. And the angelic singing was heard by so many voices. Listen:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYxyiUB1L0s&list=PL7FADDF2F2D3DCCB8

In his homily, the Cardinal Archbishop acknowledged the presence of Christians from different confessions as well as Muslims who came to pray together for peace in the Middle East. He spoke of peace that the celebrant blesses the participants with - the first word uttered by the risen Christ to the disciples. When I salute my neighbor with peace before communion, my gesture of wishing him the peace of Christ does not mean that I like him. We may have differences about anything but the peace of Christ binds us. I need to repent in my soul to really communicate peace; for peace cannot be a shallow agreement. It arises from the depth of the repentant soul and establishes communion in the family and in the community. Communities make up nations and nations need peace among them. He related peace to wisdom in the Biblical readings "If any one comes to me and does not hate his own father and mother and wife and children and brothers and sisters, yes, and even his own life, he cannot be my disciple. Whoever does not bear his own cross and come after me, cannot be my disciple. For which of you, desiring to build a tower, does not first sit down and count the cost, whether he has enough to complete it? Otherwise, when he has laid a foundation, and is not able to finish, all who see it begin to mock him, saying, `This man began to build, and was not able to finish.' Or what king, going to encounter another king in war, will not sit down first and take counsel whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand? And if not, while the other is yet a great way off, he sends an embassy and asks terms of peace. So therefore, whoever of you does not renounce all that he has cannot be my disciple." (Luke 14: 26-33). I found the reading quite suitable. How much do we need wisdom today before we do foolish things? World leaders and politicians, as the Cardinal said, need the wisdom that Christ prescribed.  For them we must pray. 

But I must say that on a practical basis, more than good will is needed. Earlier this week a dear priest and professor told me that Syria is probably where the Third World War will start. In Damascus Paul received his sight after he fell. To Damascus too, Pope Francis must go. According to the priest, it seems that the Third Secret of Fatima may still be happening. The consecration of Russia to the heart of Mary may still have to be properly performed by the Pope. If this is the case, I think the best way to prevent a global war is for Pope Francis to visit the Orthodox Patriarch of Russia on invitation by President Putin. Together, with millions or rather more than a billion of Catholic and Orthodox faithful, they consecrate Russia to the heart of Mary.

In that frame, all Orthodox and Catholic Bishops can participate in an Ecumenical Council  or a synod to prepare for their full unity and end their differences. The signs of the time are opportune since Coptic Orthodox Pope Tawadros II had a successful visit to Pope Francis this past May and the leader of the Malankara Orthodox Church Maran Basilios has just visited Pope Francis a few days ago (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fdu_A41WtGI ). The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew I broke with tradition and visited Pope Francis when the latter was installed Bishop of Rome last March. In less than a year, Francis attracted 3 Orthodox Patriarchs whose Churches since 1989 had agreed on all fundamental matters of dogma. Pope Tawadros II is considered the primate of the Ancient Oriental Orthodox Churches. Patriarch Bartholomew is considered the primate of the Byzantine Orthodox Churches. If the primacy of the Roman Pontiff is the only serious dogmatic issue that remains an obstacle to full unity, refer to Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) known for his utter defense of the doctrines of the Catholic Church. In his mind, it is sufficient for a reunion that the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Churches accept the primacy of the Successor of St. Peter as exercised in the first 10 centuries before the Great Schism formalized in 1054.

Dogmatically the above approach makes sense to me. Catholics in Europe and North America need the tradition which the Orthodox maintain, while the Orthodox need the development of doctrine and the unity found in the Catholic Church.

Economically, Orthodox Russia may be able to help Syria and other countries in the Middle East. Countries of the European Union may also help in bringing much-needed investments in health and education services as well as in business to Syria, Egypt, Lebanon and citizens of other countries in the Middle East. Humanitarian projects for suffering people who escaped the war in Syria to Lebanon, Jordan and other countries need to be channeled and may also be initiated by volunteers in Canada and the U.S.

Civilization is in Europe and from there must come Pope Francis to Syria. He is the only Christian able to lead both Christians and Muslims of the Middle East and Europe into reconciliation. The Grand Imam of Al-Azhar has already shown much respect for this Pope. It is all a matter of perception. May the Virgin Mary, who is highly respected by both Christians and Muslims, intercede for peace.

An Urgent Appeal to Pope Francis

September 3, 2013

Your Holiness Pope Francis,

We are very concerned about the massacres that have engulfed the people of Syria over the past two years. We are aware that the political and military powers of the world are using Syria and other Arab countries to advance their own interests. Thousands of victims have already died and millions have been displaced to neighboring countries as they lost their properties and belongings. The disaster of the invasion of Iraq by the U.S. forces in 2003 in spite of warnings by Saint John Paul II may now repeat itself in Syria. The most afflicted are Christians and their presence in the region especially with the islamisation program of entire countries supported by the U.S. and its allies.

Yet we are confident that your intercession as the moral voice of the world with the highest civil and religious authorities in those powers will bear fruits. It is for the poor, such as those of Syria, that your voice has providentially been raised in the entire globe since your election to minister to the People of God as Supreme Pastor in our Lord Jesus Christ.

Regardless of the validity of the claims of the U.S. Government that they have evidence of chemical warfare used by the Syrian regime against the Syrian people, it is urgent that you personally speak to Mr. Vladimir Putin, President of Russia and His Holiness Kirill Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Russia on the Syrian crisis. Your intercession with Catholics in North America, President Obama and the Congress of the U.S. as well as their allies is equally crucial to avert a global crisis and obtain justice for persecuted Christians and moderate Muslims in the region.

It is evident, based on fears recently expressed  by the Syrian President, that an attack on Syria may trigger a regional war in the Middle East and possibly a global war.

It is for all of the above that direct talks between opposing factions in Syria as well as the powers that support them are needed through your intercession.

May the Blessed Triune God, who gives life, to the world bless your work of reconciliation, and may the Blessed Virgin Mary intercede for all.

Yours in Christ,

George Farahat

Jesus the King Greek Melkite Catholic Church
Toronto Ontario Canada